A medium-sized dog has the same impact as a Toyota Land Cruiser driven 6000 miles a year, while a cat is equivalent to a Volkswagen Golf, a book claims.
Authors Robert and Brenda Vale base their findings on the amount of land needed to grow food for pets ranging from budgerigars to cats and dogs.
Mr Vale said sustainability issues required us to make choices which were "as difficult as eating your dog", the Daily Telegraph reports.